SPP1 and encephalitis: Other mediators of neuroinflammation have been found to be elevated in the serum and CSF of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and to correlate with their functional status such as chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1), osteopontin (OPN), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), CD40L, CD146, and CD138 (Table 2) [80,83,84,85].