TNF and congenital rubella syndrome: Based on this suggestion, current strategies for treating this type of CRS include corticosteroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-TNF therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and other therapeutic strategies [12,69,70,71].