PTEN and Cowden disease: Depending on the studies, the number of cases and the way the results are expressed, thyroid carcinoma also have a higher frequency in women affected by PTEN (phosphatase and TENsin homologue) Hamartoma tumor syndrome, encompassing the Cowden disease, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, PTEN-related Proteus syndrome, and Proteus-like syndrome [39].