Exposure of Barrett’s and esophageal adenocarcinoma cells to acidic bile salts activated EGFR-Stat3 signaling (EGFR-STAT3 protein complex) and induced the expression of Stat3 target genes (IL-6, IL-17A, BCL-xL, Survivin, and c-MYC) [39]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and esophageal adenocarcinoma.