TNF and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: D-GalN/LPS administration induced rapid increases in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), but the increase was suppressed by HPS treatment (Figure 3A).