The early-stage (up to 4 weeks after surgery) of rat and murine HF seems to be associated with the upregulation of both ACE/Ang II and ACE2/Ang(1-7) pathways [153,154,155,156], whereas the advanced or end-stage (more than 4 weeks after surgery) of HF tend to be associated with downregulation [153,157] of ACE2/angiotensin(1-7) and upregulation of the ACE/AngII pathway. Here, ACE is linked to hydrops fetalis.