IGF1 and cardiac hypertrophy: This is in accordance with a previously published animal study using a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model in mice and according to in vitro experiments performed in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes under phenylephrine (PE) stimulation (pathological cardiac hypertrophy) or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) treatment (physiological cardiac hypertrophy) [34,35].