In the study by Trepanowski et al. [84], individuals with obesity who committed to a five-month period of either alternate-day fasting or caloric restriction showed no difference in their ratios of visceral to subcutaneous fat, their total mass ratios similarly increased in both diets, and their leptin levels decreased by 18% and 31%, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.