In case of IBD, many cytokines were shown to be primarily implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical course of the disease: IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-33 for UC, IL-10, IL-12, IL-27, and interferon (IFN)-γ, for CD and IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, and TNF-α for both [13,14]. Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.