Furthermore, data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 with self-reported olfactory dysfunction [15] revealed a significant trend to severe olfactory dysfunctions (hyposmia and anosmia) among subjects with diabetes who received treatment (oral agents or insulin) vs. those managed with diet only (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.59–2.90 and OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.26–6.52, respectively, p trend 0.01). Here, INS is linked to Anosmia.