In an animal model of orthotopic pancreatic cancer, mice that received fecal microbiota transplantation from long-term-survival patients had significantly higher numbers of CD8+ T cells, activated T cells (CD8+ IFNg+ T cells) within the tumor, as well as higher serum levels of interferon-γ and IL-2 compared to mice that received fecal microbiota from short-term-survival patients [12]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and familial pancreatic carcinoma.