In this study, based on a subpopulation with possible high and possible low HBV replication, we explored the role of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in the persistence and onset of HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection, and with reference to the criteria of “the preset ULNs for ALT” and “Grade > G1 or Stage > S1”, we evaluated the performance of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in predicting significant hepatitis activity of HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection. Here, GPT is linked to hepatitis A virus infection.