Despite contradictory results on the expression of Hsps in the esophageal epithelium [41], Hsp70 has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in EAC, with high expression associated with aggressive behavior [30], higher chemosensitivity [31]⁠, and with higher tumor grade and poor prognosis, confirmed in a more recent study on patients surgically treated for EAC [32]. This evidence concerns the gene HSPA1A and neoplasm.