GSTM1 and anemia: As an initial step, we determined the transcriptional changes of 84 (key) human ubiquitination genes in Kenyan children (n = 44) with mild malaria anemia (MlMA; Hb ≥9.0 g/dl; n = 23) and severe malarial anemia (SMA; Hb <6.0 g/dl; n = 21).