TNF and autoimmune disease: On the other hand, adalimumab is a widely used monoclonal antibody that targets against the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α or affects the expression profiles of genes involved in the pathophysiology of diseases for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including RA and psoriasis (Bang and Keating, 2004; Fleischmann et al., 2019; Grabarek et al., 2019; Grabarek et al., 2021).