APP and Alzheimer disease: Previously, our group showed that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria, activity of complex V enzyme, and cyclophilin D (CypD) and pro-caspase 3 protein expression as well as cytochrome c release were increased, followed by a decrease in ATP levels in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the mutant APP form (Pahrudin Arrozi et al., 2020), suggesting that the mitochondrial function in these in vitro models of AD was also altered.