To study the relevance of these two components of TGFβ signalling pathway in humans, we analysed the regulation of GPR180 and CTHRC1 in participants with normal weight, with obesity and normal glucose tolerance (NGT), with obesity and prediabetes and in individuals with obesity and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The gene discussed is CTHRC1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.