GFAP and depressive symptom measurement: To further study the role of GSDMD in the pyroptosis of astrocytes in depression, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector (serotype 9) with an EGFP that selectively overexpresses GSDMD-N in astrocytes (AAV-GFAP-mGSDMD-EGFP) was injected into the hippocampal region of GSDMD–/– mice and their control WT mice (Supplemental Figure 6A).