INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: However, it was worth to note that in a non-insulin-treated T2DM cohort study consisting of 39 women and 48 men, the indicators of CAN including the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, the root mean square of successive differences, total power, and expiration-to-inspiration ratio etc, were significantly correlated with the increase in MAGE in only women, implying that GV have gender-specific effects on CAN in patients with T2DM56 (Table 1).