Furthermore, NE is supposed to upregulate mitogen-activated protein kinases, further enhancing the proliferation of tumor cells.5 43–46 In contrast, neutrophils from tumor-bearing mice did not significantly alter the proliferation or migration of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and neutrophil-depletion did not affect the formation of the tumor vessel network in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene WNK2 and neoplasm.