Interestingly, a significant group effect was observed on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (F(2, 13) = 4.173, p = 0.040), in which a reduced pERK1/2 level was observed in CRS + saline animals compared with non-CRS control animals (p = 0.043), which was effectively rescued by 10 mg/kg HE (p = 0.016). Here, MAPK3 is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.