In particular, mild COVID-19 is characterized by increase of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL6, IL10, IL1RA [TE87, TE88, TE89], while severe disease is characterized by a downregulation of IFNα, and a parallel up-regulation of IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL6, TNF, IL10, CCL7 [TE89, TE90, TE94]. Here, TNF is linked to COVID-19.