HP and Barrett esophagus: In contrast, the negative relationship between Hp prevalence and BE was enhanced when defining subjects undergoing endoscopy in another 14 studies (OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.95; P = 0.03; I2 = 99%) or normal control (population or primary care people) in four studies (OR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.38–0.61; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) as control groups (Fig. 4) [11, 13, 35, 36, 38, 40–42, 44–48, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57].