The previous report suggesting a strong correlation in a cohort of mainly untreated PWH (Gisslén et al. 2015) is likely a consequence of the much higher concentrations of CSF and plasma NfL seen in that cohort, where the median CSF and plasma NfL concentrations in individuals with HIV-associated dementia were 16,185 pg/mL and 114 pg/mL, respectively. The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is dementia.