NEFL and dementia: In HIV-disease, CSF NfL is significantly elevated in individuals with HIV-associated dementia (Abdulle et al. 2007; Gisslén et al. 2007; Krut et al. 2014; Yilmaz et al. 2017), but frequently near-normalise following antiretroviral treatment (ART) (Abdulle et al. 2007; Krut et al. 2014; Mellgren et al. 2007).