Polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses did not illustrate a difference in PRSs in patients carrying rare variants in ALS-risk genes (SOD1, C9orf72 repeat expansion, TARDBP, FUS, NEK1, TBK1 and CFAP410) compared to all patients with ALS (Extended Data Fig. 3). The gene discussed is C9orf72; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.