Fasting glucose levels (d = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.57; KW p = 0.003) and the HOMA insulin resistance index (d = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.16, 1.36; KW p = 0.049) were increased in patients compared to controls (Fig. 3C); however, the difference in fasting insulin levels between the two groups was not statistically significant despite a medium/large effect size (d = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.36; KW p = 0.12). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.