Among the 71 down-regulated DEGs, HLA-DRA has been shown to be associated with PBC [7], and CXCL8, CCL3, CXCL1, TIMP1, SPP1, and IRF1 were inflammatory and cytokine genes, which have been reported to be linked with the chemotaxis of immune cells that efflux to the site of cytokine storms in response to ongoing tissue damage [35, 36]. Here, SPP1 is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.