TGFB1 and neoplasm: For example, cellular senescence cluster 3 was significantly enriched in carcinogenic activation pathways, meanwhile also associated with stromal activation pathways, including TGF-β signaling, angiogenesis, hypoxia and EMT pathways, indicating that patients in cluster 3 might have an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which facilitated tumor cell invasion into the stroma, angiogenesis and tumor development [29, 49, 50].