NANP and malaria: The Pb-PfCSP-SPZ binding of A750-labeled CIS43, L9, or 317 were assessed in the presence of serum pooled from ten naïve mice immunized three times with R21 (virus-like particles composed of 19 NANP repeats and C-CSP fused to a single hepatitis B surface antigen [39]), fifteen naïve US adults immunized three times with irradiated PfSPZ [51], and ten children or adults with the highest FL-rCSP titers from a cohort of 758 Malian volunteers naturally exposed to malaria [52].