SOCS3 and Alzheimer disease: For example, Socs3 in macrophages modulates the stress response of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and promotes the healing of damaged aortic walls and preventing AD development in mice, whereas macrophage Socs3 knockout mice showed premature activation of cell proliferation, increased inflammatory response, and the conversion of macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype (5).