A spectrum of factors lead to endothelial dysfunction, which results in the expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules [e.g., vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1], secreted chemokines [e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8)] and other effector proteins (Gimbrone and Garcia-Cardena, 2016). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.