The causing factors such as genetic factor (e.g., the genetic variant I148M of rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3, PNPLA3) and epigenetic factors (e.g., histone deacetylase) for NAFLD and NASH may result in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and finally leading to the development of HCC (14–17). The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.