TNF and neoplasm: Under the stimulation of surgery, NETs can also stimulate Kupffer cells to release cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α (Moriai et al., 2009), IL-6 (Mcdonald et al., 2010) and CXCL-10 (Huh et al., 2010), and consequently induce tumor metastasis (Erpenbeck and Schön, 2017).