KRAS and colorectal carcinoma: Further investigation by cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/) of TCGA patients also revealed that approximately 60% of THCA (thyroid carcinomas) and 50% of SKCM (melanomas) harboured BRAF mutations, and 65% of PAAD (pancreas) and 40% COREAD (colorectal carcinomas) possessed KRAS mutations, a rate that was strikingly higher than that of other cancers (Supplementary Figures S7A,B).