In contrast, PARP1 overexpression increased ROS accumulation and cellular senescence and apoptosis in HF-MSCs, which correlated with the increased expression of proteins related to cellular senescence (P53, P16, and P21), apoptosis (57 kDa AIF, cleaved caspase 3 and Cyt C) and DNA damage and repair (γH2AX, Rad 51, Ku70, Ku 80, PAR, and 116 kDa PARP1). This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and hydrops fetalis.