AKT1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Similarly, studies conducted by Naito et al. identified the crucial role of LDL in inducing resistance to TKIs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) as mice fed on a high cholesterol diet (21% milk fat with 1.25% added cholesterol) presented with resistance to sunitinib (TKI) treatment when compared with mice that were on a normal diet, presumably due to LDL mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (Naito et al., 2017).