NFKB1 and colorectal carcinoma: Another example of a potentially pathogenic species enriched in CRC samples is Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. This species have been shown in cell culture to have direct inflammatory and pro-oncogenic impacts by binding to integrin α2/β1 integrin receptors on cell surfaces, activating PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB to enhance proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines, and T cell suppression (Long et al., 2019).