IL4 and tuberculosis: Recombinant β-glycan (type III TGFβ receptor) or small interfering RNA targeting TGFβ1 was used in the mouse TB model, which blocked TGFβ, enhanced the Th1 type immune response, increased the expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, NO, and iNOS, and decreased lung bacterial counts, and downregulated IL-4 (Hernández-Pando et al., 2006).