CDC42 and neoplasm: In this process, NET-DNA could interact with extracellular N terminus of the coiled-coil domain containing protein 25 (CCDC25), a transmembrane protein expressed on tumor cells; C terminus of CCDC25 then recruits integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which subsequently stimulates β-parvin-RAC1-CDC42 cascade to facilitate tumor progression (99).