However, evidence from several preclinical studies indicate that the anti-tumor effects of these drugs depend on macrophages depleting Treg cells expressing CTLA-4 in the TME through ADCC, thereby increasing the CTL/Treg cell ratio (62, 98, 99), which implies that CTLA-4 blockade can activate anti-tumor immunity in the presence of enough TILs (171). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.