On the other hand, CAFs can in turn induce and maintain the stemness of HCC through the IL-6/STAT3, TGF-β/SDF-1/PI3K, Wnt/β-catenin, HGF/cMET, and SHH/Hh pathways (23, 68). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.