CGA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Mild elevation of CgA level has been shown in a variety of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction), renal disease (renal failure), liver disease (liver dysfunction, liver cirrhosis), lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), inflammatory diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis), and sepsis (8).