Of these 25 patients 100% had BCLC stage C disease, 22 (88.0%) had Child–Pugh grade A liver function and three (12.0%) had Child–Pugh grade B, 22 (88.0%) had hepatitis B and two (8.0%) had hepatitis C, 20 (80.0%) had liver cirrhosis, six (24.0%) had esophago-gastric varices and 23 (92.0%) had elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (AFP >7 ng/mL), including 10 (40.0%) with AFP >1000 ng/mL. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatitis B virus infection.