Moreover, individuals homozygous for the naturally occurring CCR5 mutation, CCR5Δ32, lack cell surface expression of CCR5 receptors, which has protective effects against HIV infection (14, 15), asthma (16, 17), severe SARS-CoV-2 symptoms (18), and development of rheumatoid arthritis (19), and is associated with improved hepatitis B virus infection recovery rates (20) and lower incidence of cardiovascular disease (21, 22). Here, CCR5 is linked to HIV infectious disease.