Among the included participants, 51 COVID-19-recovered older adults (n = 5 according to high anti-S1 IgG titers, n = 46 by positive PCR: median [IQR] interval 4.2 months [3.3–8.3]) were compared with COVID-19-naive counterparts (n = 54): 92.2% of COVID-19-recovered older adults produced detectable neutralizing antibodies compared with 76.5% of COVID-19-naive older participants (Figure 3C). Here, PSMD1 is linked to COVID-19.