TNF and myeloproliferative neoplasm: The majority of MPN patients harbor mutations of the genes encoding for JAK2, CALR, or MPL, which result not only in the constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway but also of other pro-inflammatory signaling, in particular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nuclear factor k-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathways, in mutated hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny (93–95).