The top 10 upregulated and four downregulated candidates may participate in the genesis and progression of PAIS, including RNF2, FOXA1, TAL1, BRD4, GLI2, 5HMC, PBX3, RING1 and TALE, SUZ12, MED1, and MEF2C. Here, RNF2 is linked to partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.