PTH and vitamin D deficiency: In the context of renal disease, the increased levels of phosphate, increased PTH, vitamin D deficiency, Klotho deficiency, and augmented FGF-23 levels might facilitate cardiovascular events, including structural alterations like LVH (Faul et al., 2011), cardiac dysfunction such as HF (Wannamethee et al., 2014), and rhythm alterations such as AF (Mathew et al., 2014) or ventricular arrhythmia (Navarro-García et al., 2019, 2020).