Although studies show that HIF1α is induced in tubular cells under hypoxia condition in the kidney by different hypoxic stimuli (Rosenberger et al., 2002) and the degree of hypoxia is well correlated with upregulation of HIF-regulated genes and tubulointerstitial injury (Tanaka et al., 2006), which is an inevitable outcome in chronic kidney disease, the role of HIFs in renal diseases are disputed and may depend on disease conditions. Here, HIF1A is linked to chronic kidney disease.