Although exercise-induced hyperosmolality may be involved in the release of AVP (Takamata et al., 2000), during high-intensity physical activity the increase in plasma AVP (or its surrogate marker copeptin) may be present despite hyponatremia or lack of changes in plasma osmolality (Wade and Claybaugh, 1980; Inder et al., 1998; Hew-Butler et al., 2011), which indicates a non-osmotic release of AVP during intense physical exercise. The gene discussed is AVP; the disease is Hyponatremia.